Electric motors convert electronic energy into mechanical energy, using either AC or DC electricity. AC and DC electric motors are constructed differently and possess different properties. To fully view the distinction between AC and DC electric motors, electricity itself must be understood. Electricity is often a different power source to heat or light mainly because it is not commonly seen in nature. Electric current refers to the movement of electrons along a conductor, such like a wire. The terms AC and DC refer to the direction from the electrons down the conductor.
In an AC motor the electrons flow along an alternating current and in the DC motor the electrons flow along a direct current. The direct current in DC electric motors means how the electrons constantly flow forwards, whereas in AC motors, the electrons switch directions regularly, to ensure they flow alternatively forwards and backwards.
Electricity and magnetism are closely linked and DC electricity was initially discovered, by Thomas Edison, by putting a magnetic field near to a wire and observing the electrons within the wire flow inside a direct current as we were holding repelled and attracted with the north and south poles from the magnetic field. AC power was discovered by the scientist Nikolas Teklas by making use of a rotating magnet to a conductive wire. Teklas learned that since the magnet rotated the flow direction in the electrons flipped around, which this process of alternating current retained energy better as opposed to direct current and enabled the transferral of numerous numbers of power.
AC electric motors contain two parts, the external stator that creates a rotating magnetic field and the internal rotor that receives a torque through the rotating field. AC motors can be located in two different types, depending around the rotor used. One type may be the induction motor, which uses an induced current to make a magnetic field on the rotor and can only run slightly slower or faster compared to the supply frequency. The other type of AC electric motors could be the synchronous motor which doesn't rely while on an induced current, and will rotate at exactly the supply frequency speed.
DC motors are constructed of six components, a rotor, commutator, axle, brushes, an industry magnet plus a direct current power supply. DC motors are available in two main categories, being brushed and brushless. Brushed DC electric motors offer high reliability as well as simple control over motor speed. The initial price of brushed DC motors is low, but with the higher maintenance associated with replacing brushes and springs, the purchase price can rise. Brushless DC motors make utilization of an external electronic switch synchronised with the rotors position. Brushless DC motors are generally used where precise charge of motor speed is needed.
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